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批评者称AI在狭窄的人造环境之外无能为力。但一切智能都依赖于特定的生态系统；一个人若被丢到火星上，也会像没有电的象棋AI一样迅速死去。

尤瓦尔·赫拉利在2026年坦纳人类价值讲座中回应AI批评者：人工智能并非孤立存在，所有智能都依赖特定的生态系统。正如人类无法在火星上生存，AI也需要其运行环境。该讲座由牛津大学林肯学院主办，完整视频已上线。

背景速读

- 尤瓦尔·赫拉利（Yuval Noah Harari）是以《人类简史》《未来简史》闻名全球的以色列历史学家，擅长用长时段视角讨论人类文明、技术演化的宏观命题。 - 这篇推文来自赫拉利的X账号，内容节选自他2026年在牛津大学林纳克学院发表的"坦纳人类价值讲座"（Tanner Lecture on Human Values），这是该领域最负盛名的年度讲座系列之一。 - 他反驳了"AI只能在人类设定的狭窄环境中运行、换环境就无用"的批评，提出"所有智能都依赖特定生态系统"——人类在火星上同样无法存活，正如象棋AI离开电力就瘫痪。核心论点：用"脱离人类环境"来否定AI并不公平，因为人类自身也受制于环境依赖。 - 近期辩论背景：随着大模型（如GPT、Claude）能力提升，批评者经常指责AI缺乏真正的"通用智能"，只能在训练数据覆盖的领域内运转。赫拉利的回应是对这一批评的哲学反击。

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