昨天我有幸参加了马克·布洛赫在巴黎先贤祠的迁葬仪式——这是法国为最杰出公民设立的纪念碑。
历史学家尤瓦尔·赫拉利讲述他参加法国著名历史学家马克·布洛赫迁葬先贤祠仪式的经历。布洛赫是两次世界大战的老兵，在二战期间加入抵抗运动，1944年被纳粹及其法国合作者逮捕并处决。布洛赫对真理的绝对忠诚令人动容，他拒绝宗教仪式但坚持犹太身份，墓碑上刻有拉丁文铭文"dilexi veritatem"（我热爱真理）。赫拉利认为，布洛赫的纪念仪式不仅是对过去的致敬，更是对当下的挑战。
背景速读
- **Marc Bloch** (1886–1944) was a world-renowned French historian, co-founder of the influential *Annales* school of historiography, and a resistance hero. His works — especially on medieval society and the nature of historical methodology — remain foundational in the field.
- **The Panthéon** in Paris is France's secular mausoleum for its most revered national figures (e.g., Voltaire, Rousseau, Marie Curie). Reburial there is a rare, politically significant honor. Bloch's remains were transferred from a small cemetery to the Panthéon on June 15, 2025, 81 years after his execution.
- **Vichy France** (1940–1944) was the pro-Nazi regime that collaborated with Germany after France's defeat. It enacted anti-Jewish laws and actively helped round up résistants for deportation or execution.
- **Why this matters now**: Bloch's ceremony — attended by Macron and public figures like Harari — comes amid rising far-right nationalism and debates over "truth" in public discourse. His life is invoked as a moral benchmark: a scholar who refused to trade intellectual honesty for safety, and who insisted that love of country is not the same as submission to its worst regime.