'More is different' 五十年(2022)
本文回顾了菲利普·安德森于1972年发表的里程碑式论文《More is Different》发表五十年来对科学思想的影响。该论文挑战了还原论的主导地位,提出了"层展论"概念——即在复杂系统的不同层次上会涌现出全新的物理定律和现象。文章探讨了层展思想如何深刻影响了凝聚态物理、量子多体理论、统计力学以及生物学、社会科学等跨学科领域,并反思了这一理念在当代复杂系统科学中的持续相关性。
本文回顾了菲利普·安德森于1972年发表的里程碑式论文《More is Different》发表五十年来对科学思想的影响。该论文挑战了还原论的主导地位,提出了"层展论"概念——即在复杂系统的不同层次上会涌现出全新的物理定律和现象。文章探讨了层展思想如何深刻影响了凝聚态物理、量子多体理论、统计力学以及生物学、社会科学等跨学科领域,并反思了这一理念在当代复杂系统科学中的持续相关性。
A state-designed worm from 2005 called Fast16 sat undetected on VirusTotal for nearly a decade. It intercepted executable files at the kernel level and silently altered floating-point calculations in high-precision engineering software like LS-DYNA, which was used in Iran's nuclear weapons research. Unlike Stuxnet, Fast16 received little public attention for over twenty years.
Paul Graham reports that Y Combinator startups now have over 75% of their code written by AI, a threshold crossed at least one to two years ago. This parallels a similar transformation at Google, where AI-written code went from 0% to 75% in about two years.
Scientists are increasingly concerned about the potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a critical ocean current system. Such a collapse could have severe consequences for North America and Europe.
A compromised version of the LiteLLM Python package (version 1.82.8) was briefly available on PyPI, capable of exfiltrating sensitive credentials like SSH keys and cloud secrets. The malicious package affected any project that depended on LiteLLM, though it was only available for about an hour before discovery.
A supply chain attack has compromised the popular npm axios HTTP client library with 300 million weekly downloads. Malicious versions install a remote access trojan, though some users may have avoided infection through version pinning or older installations. Security experts warn this is a live compromise affecting one of npm's most depended-on packages.